Friday, August 12, 2011

Are Whole Eggs or Egg Whites Better for You?

Are Whole Eggs or Egg Whites Better for You?
by Mike Geary, Certified Nutrition Specialist, Certified Personal Trainer
Author -
The Truth About 6-Pack Abs 

whole eggs are a perfect foodI was on a weekend trip with some friends recently and one of my friends was cooking breakfast for the whole group. I went over to see what he was cooking and saw he was getting ready to make a big batch of eggs.
Well, to my shock and horror, I noticed that he was cracking the eggs open and screening the egg whites into a bowl and throwing out the egg yolks. I asked him why the heck he was throwing out the egg yolks, and he replied something like this...
"because I thought the egg yolks were terrible for you...that's where all the nasty fat and cholesterol is".
And I replied, "you mean that's where all of the nutrition is!"
This is a perfect example of how confused most people are about nutrition. In a world full of misinformation about nutrition, somehow most people now mistakenly think that the egg yolk is the worst part of the egg, when in fact, the YOLK IS THE HEALTHIEST PART OF THE EGG!
By throwing out the yolk and only eating egg whites, you're essentially throwing out the most nutrient dense, antioxidant-rich, vitamin and mineral loaded portion of the egg. The yolks contain so many B-vitamins, trace minerals, vitamin A, folate, choline, lutein, and other powerful nutrients... it's not even worth trying to list them all.
In fact, the egg whites are almost devoid of nutrition compared to the yolks.
Even the protein in egg whites isn't as powerful without the yolks to balance out the amino acid profile and make the protein more bio-available. Not to even mention that the egg yolks from free range chickens are loaded with healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
Yolks contain more than 90% of the calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, thiamin, B6, folate, and B12, and panthothenic acid of the egg. In addition, the yolks contain ALL of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K in the egg, as well as ALL of the essential fatty acids (EFAs).
And now the common objection I get all the time when I say that the yolks are the most nutritious part of the egg...
"But I heard that whole eggs will skyrocket my cholesterol through the roof"
No, this is FALSE!
First of all, when you eat a food that contains a high amount of dietary cholesterol such as eggs, your body down-regulates it's internal production of cholesterol to balance things out.
On the other hand, if you don't eat enough cholesterol, your body simply produces more since cholesterol has dozens of important vital functions in the body.
healthy whole eggsAnd here's where it gets even more interesting...
There have been plenty of studies lately that indicate that eating whole eggs actually raises your good HDL cholesterol to a higher degree than LDL cholesterol, thereby improving your overall cholesterol ratio and blood chemistry.
And 3rd... high cholesterol is NOT a disease!  Heart disease is a disease...but high cholesterol is NOT.  Cholesterol is actually a VERY important substance in your body and has vitally important functions... it is DEAD WRONG to try to "lower your cholesterol" just because of pharmaceutical companies propaganda that everyone on the planet should be on statin drugs.
If you're interested in this topic of cholesterol specifically, I have another article listed at the bottom of this page about why trying to attack cholesterol is a mistake, and what the REAL deadly risk factors actually are.
In addition, the yolks contain the antioxidant lutein as well as other antioxidants which can help protect you from inflammation within your body (the REAL culprit in heart disease, not dietary cholesterol!), giving yet another reason why the yolks are actually GOOD for you, and not detrimental.
To help bring even more proof that whole eggs are better for you than egg whites, I recently read a University of Connecticut study that showed that a group of men in the study that ate 3 eggs per day for 12 weeks while on a reduced carb, higher fat diet increased their HDL good cholesterol by 20%, while their LDL bad cholesterol stayed the same during the study.  However, the group that ate egg substitutes (egg whites) saw no change in either and did not see the improvement in good cholesterol (remember that higher HDL levels are associated with lower risk of heart disease) that the whole egg eaters did. 
So I hope we've established that whole eggs are not some evil food that will wreck your body... instead whole eggs are FAR superior to egg whites.
But what about the extra calories in the yolks?
This is actually a non-issue and here's why... even though egg yolks contain more calories than just eating the egg whites, the yolks have such a high micro-nutrient density in those calories, that it increases your overall nutrient density per calorie you consume.  Essentially, what this does is help to regulate your appetite for the remainder of the day, so you end up eating less calories overall.  In addition, the healthy fats in the egg yolks help to maintain a good level of fat-burning hormones in your body.
Overall, this means that the extra fats (healthy fats) and calories from the yolk are so nutrient-dense that they actually HELP you to burn off body fat!
Also, your normal supermarket eggs coming from mass factory farming just don't compare nutritionally with organic free range eggs from healthy chickens that are allowed to roam freely and eat a more natural diet.  Your typical cheap grocery store eggs will have lower nutrient levels and a higher omega-6 level and lower omega-3 level.  On the other hand, the cage-free organic eggs from healthier chickens allowed to eat more natural feed and roam freely will have much higher vitamin and mineral levels and a more balanced healthier omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratio.
I recently compared eggs I bought at the grocery store with a batch of eggs I got at a farm stand where the chickens were free roaming and healthy.
Most people don't realize that there's a major difference because they've never bought real eggs from healthy chickens... The eggs from the grocery store had pale yellow yolks and thin weak shells. On the other hand, the healthier free range eggs from the local farm had strong thick shells and deep orange colored yolks indicating much higher nutrition levels and carotenoids... and just a healthier egg in general.
This is due to the fact that a free-roaming hen allowed to roam on plenty of land will eat a variety of greens, insects, worms, etc transferring MUCH higher levels of nutrients to the eggs compared to an unhealthy hen that is trapped inside a dark factory farm hen house in horrible conditions and fed nothing but piles of corn and soy.  It's a DRASTIC difference in the nutrition that you get from the egg.
So next time a health or fitness professional tells you that egg whites are superior (because of their "fat-phobic" mentality towards dietary fats), you can quietly ignore their advice knowing that you now understand the REAL deal about egg yolks.
And can we all please STOP with this sillyness about eating an omelete with 4-5 egg whites and only 1 egg yolk... If you want real taste and real health benefits, we'd all be better off eating ALL of our eggs with the yolks.
After all, do you REALLY think that our ancestors thousands of years ago threw out the yolks and only ate the egg whites?  NOT A CHANCE!  They intuitively knew that all of the nutrition was found in the yolks.  But our modern society has been brainwashed with misinformation about fats and cholesterol.
Another interesting study about eggs...
I read a study recently that compared groups of people that ate egg breakfasts vs groups of people that ate cereal or bagel-based breakfasts.  The results of the study showed that the egg eaters lost or maintained a healthier bodyweight, while the cereal/bagel eaters gained weight. 
It was hypothesized that the egg eaters actually ate less calories during the remainder of the day because their appetite was more satisfied compared to the cereal/bagel eaters who would have been more prone to wild blood sugar swings and food cravings.
Oh, one last thing I almost forgot... I personally eat 4 whole eggs almost every day with breakfast, and I maintain single-digit bodyfat most of the year. 
Enjoy your eggs and get a leaner body!

Tuesday, July 19, 2011

VERY GOOD SOFTWARE To Prevent Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)















 
Most Common For Computer Users !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (also known as repetitive stress injury, repetitive motion injuries, repetitive motion disorder (RMD), cumulative trauma disorder (CT), occupational overuse syndrome, overuse syndrome, regional musculoskeletal disorder) is an injury of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems that may be caused by repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression (pressing against hard surfaces), or sustained or awkward positions. Different sections of this article present contrasting perspectives regarding the causes of RSI.
Types of RSIs that affect computer users may include non-specific arm pain or work related upper limb disorder (WRULD). Conditions such as RSI tend to be associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.


Causes

Gloves to avoid RSI during typing.
RSI is believed by many to be caused due to lifestyle without ergonomic care[citation needed], E.g. While working in front of computers, driving, traveling etc. Simple reasons like 'Using a blunt knife for everyday chopping of vegetables', may cause RSI.
Other typical habits that some sources believe lead to RSI:[citation needed]
  • Reading or doing tasks for extended periods of time while looking down.
  • Sleeping on an inadequate bed/mattress or sitting in a bad armchair and/or in an uncomfortable position.
  • Carrying heavy items.
  • Holding one's phone between neck and shoulder.
  • Watching TV in incorrect position e.g. Too much to the left/right.
  • Sleeping with head forward, while traveling.
  • Prolonged use of the hands, wrists, back, neck, etc.

Treatment

On their own, most RSIs will resolve spontaneously provided the area is first given enough rest when the RSI first begins. However, without such care, some RSIs have been known to persist for years, or have needed to be cured with surgery.
The most often prescribed treatments for repetitive strain injuries are rest, exercise, braces and massage. A variety of medical products also are available to augment these therapies. Since the computer workstation is frequently blamed for RSIs, particularly of the hand and wrist, ergonomic adjustments of the workstation are often recommended.

Ergonomics

Modifications of posture and arm use (ergonomics) are often recommended.[6]
Ergonomics: the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace
 

Exercise

Exercise decreases the risk of developing RSI.
  • Doctors sometimes recommend that RSI sufferers engage in specific strengthening exercises, for example to improve posture.
  • In light of the fact that a lifestyle that involves sitting at a computer for extended periods of time increases the probability that an individual will develop excessive kyphosis, theoretically the same exercises that are prescribed for thoracic outlet syndrome or kyphotic postural correction would benefit an RSI sufferer.
  • Some sources  recommend motoric exercises and ergo-aerobics to decrease chances of strain injury. Ergo-aerobics target touch typists and people who often use computer keyboard.
 

Adaptive hardware

Adaptive technology ranging from special keyboards, mouse replacements to pen tablet interfaces might help improve comfort.

Mouse

Switching to a much more ergonomic mouse, such as a roller mouse, vertical mouse or joystick, or switching from using a mouse to a stylus pen with graphic tablet may provide relief, but in chronic RSI they may result only in moving the problem to another area. Using a graphic tablet for general pointing, clicking, and dragging (i.e. not drawing) may take some time to get used to as well. Switching to a trackpad or pointing stick, which requires no gripping or tensing of the muscles in the arms may help as well. Inertial mice (which do not require a surface to operate) might offer an alternative where the user's arm is in a less stressful thumbs up position rather than rotated to thumb inward when holding a normal mouse. Also, since they do not need a surface to operate ("air mice" function by small, forceless, wrist rotations), the wrist and arm can be supported by the desktop.

Keyboards and keyboard alternatives

Exotic keyboards by manufacturers such as Datahand, OrbiTouch, Maltron and Kinesis are available. Also one can use digital pens to avoid the strain coming from typing itself. Other solutions move the mode of input from one's hands entirely. These include the use of voice recognition software or pedals designed for ergonomics and gaming to supplant normal keyboard input.

Adaptive software

There are several kinds of software designed to help in Repetitive Strain Injury. Among them, there are speech recognition software, and break timers. Break timers software reminds the user to pause frequently and perform exercises while working behind a computer. There is also automated mouse-clicking software that has been developed, which can automate repetitive tasks in games and applications.


Instant Boss will time your work/break cycles, reminding you when to work and when to take a break.
The defaults are 10 minutes of work, 2 minutes of break, and this is repeated 5 times for a total of 1 hour.
These values can be changed to suit your needs. Instant Boss will remember the values you used during your last session.
Start by entering in the values you desire:
enter the 3 desired values
  1. The first box is for how long you want to work.
  2. The second box is for how long you want your breaks.
  3. The third box is for how many times you want to repeat this cycle.
Click Apply to set the new values. Click Apply.
Click Work to begin. Click Work.
Statusbar.
In the statusbar you can see where in your work cycle you are, followed by how long you have worked this session, followed by how long you have worked since you started using Instant Boss.
Instant Boss will tell you when it is time to take a break. You will have the choice to keep working a little longer, take your break now, or skip your break and begin next work period.
Take a break.
  • If you decide to take a break now, it will begin your break period.
  • If you decide to work a little longer, it will count up and add this to your total work time. You can then decide when to take a break by clicking the take a break button.
  • If you decide to skip your break, it will begin the next word period in the cycle.
At the end of your break period, you will be told to get back to work and offered a few choices.
Back to work!.
  • If you decide to work, the work timer will begin.
  • If you decide to take a longer break, it will extend your break by 50%, and remind you again when your time is up, to get back to work.
  • If you click cancel, you will have to start work manually by clicking the work button again.
There is a pause button in case you are interrupted by phone calls or other things that need your attention. This can be used during both work or break periods. Pause button.
The reset button...use with caution. This will stop all timers and reset everything to default values of 10-2-5 so that you may begin again.
It will not reset how long you have worked today, nor the total time you have worked since you started using the Instant Boss program.
Reset button.
Tray menu. Clicking the X to close the program will result in it being minimized to the system tray. The only way to exit is through the right click menu on the tray icon. All of the button options also appear on that menu.
For power users, there are command line parameters you can use to preset the values when you run Instant Boss.
Run dialog with command line parameters.
Example:
"C:\Program Files\Instant Boss\InstantBoss.exe" 60 15 3
(there is a space after the last quote and a space between each number)
You can either use this from the Windows Run dialog or use it as shortcut targets. The numbers correspond with work-break-repeat, in that order. Please use only numbers, no letters.
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Thursday, March 3, 2011

United Nations International EVENTS

International decades


2011–2020

Decade of Action for Road Safety A/RES/64/255
(draft resolution A/64/L.44/Rev.1 + Add.1)

2010-2020

United Nations Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification A/RES/62/195
[draft res. A/62/419/Add.7]

2008-2017

Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty A/RES/62/205

2006-2016

Decade of Recovery and Sustainable Development of the Affected Regions
(third decade after the Chernobyl disaster)
A/RES/62/9

2005-2015

International Decade for Action, “Water for Life” A/RES/58/217

2005-2014

United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development A/RES/57/254
Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People A/RES/59/174

2003-2012

United Nations Literacy Decade: Education for All A/RES/56/116

2001-2010

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World A/RES/59/143
Decade to Roll Back Malaria in Developing Countries, Particularly in Africa A/RES/60/221
Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism A/RES/55/146

1997–2006

Decade for The Eradication for Poverty A/RES/50/107

1995–2004

Decade for Human Rights Education A/RES/49/184

1994–2004

Decade of the World's Indigenous People A/RES/48/163

1993–2003

Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/48/91

1991–2000

Second Industrial Development Decade for Africa A/RES/44/237
A/RES/47/177
Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa A/RES/43/179
United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse A/RES/S-17/2
Fourth United Nations Development Decade A/RES/45/199

1990–2000

International Decade for the Eradification of Colonialism A/RES/43/47

1990–1999

United Nations Decade of International Law A/RES/44/23
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction A/RES/42/169
A/RES/44/236

1990s

Third Disarmament Decade A/RES/43/78 L
A/RES/45/62 A

1988–1997

World Decade for Cultural Development A/RES/41/187

1983–1993

Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/38/14

1983–1992

United Nations Decade for Disabled Persons A/RES/37/53

1981–1990

International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade A/RES/35/18
Third United Nations Development Decade A/RES/35/56

1980–1990

Second Disarmament Decade A/RES/35/46

1980s

Industrial Development Decade for Africa A/RES/35/66 B

1978–1988

Transport and Communications Decade for Africa A/RES/32/160

1976–1985

United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace A/RES/3520 (XXX)

1973–1983

Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/2919 (XXVII)

1971–1980

Second United Nations Development Decade A/RES/2626 (XXV)

1970s

Disarmament Decade A/RES/2602 E (XXIV)

1960–1970

United Nations Development Decade A/RES/1710 (XVI)

 

 

International days

 

January     

27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the
Victims of the Holocaust
A/RES/60/7
Top

February

4 February World Cancer Day [WHO] A/RES/62/10
20 February World Day of Social Justice A/RES/62/10
21 February International Mother Language Day [UNESCO] A/RES/56/262
Top

March

8 March International Women's Day
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 |
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 |


20 March French Language Day at the UN

21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
A/RES/2142 (XXI)
21 March World Poetry Day [UNESCO]
21 March International Day of Nowruz A/RES/64/253
22 March World Water Day A/RES/47/193
23 March World Meteorological Day  [WMO] WMO/EC-XII/Res.6
24 March World Tuberculosis Day [WHO] WMO/EC-XII/Res.6
24 March International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims A/RES/65/196
(A/65/451, draft resolution II)
25 March International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade A/RES/62/122
25 March International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members
Top

April

2 April World Autism Awareness Day A/RES/62/139
4 April International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action A/RES/60/97
7 April Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Rwanda Genocide
7 April World Health Day [WHO] WHA/A.2/Res.35
20 April Chinese Language Day at the UN

22 April International Mother Earth Day A/RES/63/278
23 April English Language Day at the UN

23 April World Book and Copyright Day [UNESCO]
Resolution 3.18 of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference
25 April World Malaria Day [WHO]
26 April World Intellectual Property Day [WIPO]
28 April World Day for Safety and Health at Work [ILO]
Top

May

3 May World Press Freedom Day A/DEC/48/432
8-9 May Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War A/RES/59/26
9-10 May World Migratory Bird Day [UNEP]
15 May International Day of Families A/RES/47/237
17 May World Telecommunication and Information Society Day [ITU] A/RES/60/252
21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development A/RES/57/249
22 May International Day for Biological Diversity A/RES/55/201
29 May International Day of UN Peacekeepers
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 - 60th Anniversary of UN Peacekeeping
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003
A/RES/57/129
31 May World No-Tobacco Day [WHO] Resolution 42.19
of the 42nd session of WHO
Top

June

4 June International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression A/RES/ES-7/8
5 June World Environment Day [UNEP] A/RES/2994 (XXVII)
6 June Russian Language Day at the UN

8 June World Oceans Day A/RES/63/111
12 June World Day Against Child Labour [ILO]

14 June World Blood Donor Day [WHO] WHA58.13
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought A/RES/49/115
20 June World Refugee Day A/RES/55/76
23 June United Nations Public Service Day A/RES/57/277
23 June International Widow’s Day A/RES/65/189
(A/65/449, draft resolution III)
25 June Day of the Seafarer STCW/CONF.2/DC.4
26 June International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking A/RES/42/112
26 June United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture A/RES/52/149
Top

July

2 July
(First Saturday
in July)
International Day of Cooperatives A/RES/47/90
11 July World Population Day UNDP decision 89/46
18 July Nelson Mandela International Day A/RES/64/13
Top

August

9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People A/RES/49/214
12 August International Youth Day A/RES/54/120
19 August World Humanitarian Day A/RES/63/139
23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition [UNESCO] Decision 8.2
of the 150th session of the UNESCO Executive Board
26 August Namibia Day A/RES/3111(XXVIII)
29 August International Day against Nuclear Tests A/RES/64/35
Top

September

8 September International Literacy Day [UNESCO] Resolution 1.141
of the 14th session of the UNESCO General Conference
10 September World Suicide Prevention Day [WHO]
15 September International Day of Democracy A/RES/62/7
16 September International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer A/RES/49/114
21 September International Day of Peace
|2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002
A/RES/36/67
A/RES/55/282
25 September
(Last Sunday in September)
World Heart Day [WHO]
27 September World Tourism Day
28 September World Rabies Day [WHO]
29 September
(Last week of September)
World Maritime Day IMCO/C XXXVIII/21
Top

October

1 October International Day of Older Persons A/RES/45/106
2 October International Day of Non-Violence A/RES/61/271
3 October
(First Monday
in October)
World Habitat Day A/RES/40/202 A
5 October World Teachers’ Day [UNESCO] UNESCOPRESSE,
vol.4, no.17, p.9
9 October World Post Day [UPU] UPU/Tokyo Congress 1969/Res.C.11
10 October World Mental Health Day [WHO]

12 October Spanish Language Day at the UN

13 October International Day for Disaster Reduction A/RES/44/236
A/RES/64/200
13 October (Second Thursday
in October)
World Sight Day [WHO]
15 October International Day of Rural Women A/RES/62/136
16 October World Food Day [FAO] A/RES/35/70
17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty A/RES/47/196
20 October World Statistics Day
A/RES/64/267
24 October United Nations Day
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2001
A/RES/168 (II) A/RES/2782 (XXVI)
24 October World Development Information Day A/RES/3038 (XXVII)
27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage [UNESCO]
Top

November

6 November International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict A/RES/56/4
10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development [UNESCO]
14 November World Diabetes Day [WHO] A/RES/61/225
16 November International Day for Tolerance Resolution 5.61
of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference


A/RES/51/95
17 November World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day [WHO]
17 November
(Third Thursday
in November)
World Philosophy Day [UNESCO]
20 November Universal Children’s Day
20 November Africa Industrialization Day A/RES/44/237
20 November
(Third Sunday
in November
World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims [WHO] A/RES/60/5
21 November World Television Day A/RES/51/205
25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women A/RES/54/134
29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People A/RES/32/40B
Top

December

1 December World AIDS Day
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2001 | 2000
2 December International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities
2010 | 2009 | 2008
A/RES/47/3
5 December International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development A/RES/40/212
7 December International Civil Aviation Day [ICAO] A/RES/51/33
9 December International Anti-Corruption Day A/RES/58/4
10 December Human Rights Day
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002
A/RES/423 (V)
11 December International Mountain Day A/RES/57/245
18 December International Migrants Day A/RES/55/93
18 December Arabic Language Day at the UN
19 December United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation A/RES/58/220
20 December International Human Solidarity Day A/RES/60/209

 

 

 

International weeks



February

First week of February World Interfaith Harmony Week A/RES/65/5

March

21-27 March Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination A/RES/34/24

April

23-29 April
2007
UN Global Road Safety Week

May

25-31 May Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories A/RES/54/91

August

1-7 August World Breastfeeding Week (WHO)

October

4-10 October World Space Week A/RES/54/68
24-30 October Disarmament Week A/RES/S-10/2,
p. 102

NOVEMBER

6-12 November
(The week in which 11 November falls)
International Week of Science and Peace A/RES/43/61

   

 

 

International years



2013

International Year of Water Cooperation A/RES/65/154 (A/65/436/Add.1, draft resolution III)

2012

IInternational Year of Cooperatives A/RES/64/136
International Year of Sustainable Energy for All A/RES/65/151 (A/65/436, draft resolution V)

2011

International Year for People of African Descent A/RES/64/169
Draft resolution:
A/64/439/Add.2
(Part II)
International Year of Chemistry A/RES/63/209
International Year of Forests A/RES/61/193
International Year of Youth   (12 August 2010 - 11 August 2011) A/RES/64/134
Draft resolution:
A/64/432

2010

International Year of Youth   (12 August 2010 - 11 August 2011) A/RES/64/134
Draft resolution:
A/64/432
International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures A/RES/62/90
International Year of Biodiversity A/RES/61/203

2009

International Year of Reconciliation A/RES/61/17
International Year of Natural Fibres A/RES/61/189
International Year of Human Rights Learning
(beginning on 10 December 2008)
A/RES/62/171
International Year of Astronomy A/RES/62/200

2008

International Year of Planet Earth A/RES/60/192
International Year of Languages A/RES/61/266
International Year of Sanitation A/RES/61/192
Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)
International Year of the Potato A/RES/60/191

2007

2007-2008 International Polar Year (WMO)

2006

International Year of Deserts and Desertification A/RES/58/211

2005

International Year of Microcredit A/RES/53/197
International Year for Sport and Physical Education A/RES/58/5
International Year of Physics A/RES/58/293

2004

International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition A/RES/57/195
International Year of Rice A/RES/57/162

2003

Year of Kyrgyz Statehood A/RES/57/248
International Year of Freshwater A/RES/55/196

2002

United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage A/RES/56/8
International Year of Mountains A/RES/53/24
International Year of Ecotourism A/RES/53/200

2001

United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations A/RES/53/22
International Year of Volunteers A/RES/52/17
International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial
Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance
A/RES/53/132

2000

International Year of Thanksgiving A/RES/52/16
International Year for the Culture of Peace A/RES/52/15

1999

International Year of Older Persons A/RES/47/5
A/RES/50/141

1998

International Year of the Ocean A/RES/49/131

1996

International Year for the Eradication of Poverty A/RES/48/183

1995

United Nations Year for Tolerance A/RES/48/126
World Year of Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War A/RES/49/25

1994

International Year of the Family A/RES/44/82
International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal A/RES/48/10

1993

International Year for the World's Indigenous People A/RES/45/164
A/RES/47/75

1992

International Space Year A/RES/44/46

1990

International Litercay Year A/RES/42/104

1987

International Year of Shelter for The Homeless A/RES/36/71
A/RES/37/221

1986

International Year of Peace A/RES/37/16
A/RES/40/3

1985

Year of The United Nations A/RES/39/161 A
International Youth Year: Participation, Development, Peace A/RES/34/151

1983

World Communications Year; Development of Communication Infrastructures A/RES/36/40

1982

International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa A/RES/36/172 B

1981

International Year for Disabled Persons A/RES/31/123

1979

International Year of The Child A/RES/31/169

1978/79

International Anti-Apartheid Year A/RES/32/105 B

1975

International Women's Year A/RES/3010 (XXVII)

1974

World Population Year A/RES/2683 (XXV)

1971

International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice A/RES/2544 (XXIV)

1970

International Education Year A/RES/2306 (XXII)
A/RES/2412 (XXIII)

1968

International Year for Human Rights A/RES/2081 (XX)

1967

International Tourist Year A/RES/2148 (XXI)

1965

International Co-operation Year A/RES/1907 (XVIII)

1961

International Health and Medical Research Year A/RES/1283 (XIII)

1959/60

World Refugee Year A/RES/1285 (XIII)