Alfred Nobel

The Man Behind the Nobel Prize

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel - scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist.

Biographical Information

Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 21, 1833. His family was descended from Olof Rudbeck, the best-known technical genius in Sweden in the 17th century, an era in which Sweden was a great power in northern Europe. Nobel was fluent in several languages, and wrote poetry and drama. Nobel was also very interested in social and peace-related issues, and held views that were considered radical during his time.

Alfred Nobel Timeline

1833	Alfred Nobel is born in Stockholm, Sweden. In the same year, his father – Immanuel Nobel – goes bankrupt.
1837	Immanuel Nobel travels to Finland and then to St Petersburg, Russia, where he starts a mechanical workshop; he leaves his family behind in Sweden.
1842	The Nobel family is reunited in St Petersburg.
1850-1852	Alfred Nobel goes to Paris and works for one year in the laboratory of T. Jules Pelouze. He also travels to Italy, Germany and the United States (US).
1853-1856	The Crimean War rages. The Nobel Company flourishes at first, but goes bankrupt as the war ends and the Russian military cancels orders. Alfred Nobel searches desperately for new products. Nikolai N. Zinin, Nobel's chemistry teacher, reminds him of nitroglycerin.
1862	Alfred Nobel starts his experiments with nitroglycerin.
1863	Nobel obtains the first patent on nitroglycerin (blasting oil) as an industrial explosive. He develops and patents a detonator (blasting cap) for triggering the explosion of nitroglycerin. He also moves to Stockholm, where he continues his experiments.
1864	Emil, Alfred Nobel's brother, is killed during the preparation of nitroglycerin at Heleneborg, Stockholm. Nobel continues his experiments and forms the company Nitroglycerin AB in Stockholm, Sweden.
1865	Alfred Nobel improves the blasting cap design and moves to Germany to set up the Alfred Nobel & Co Factory in Krümmel near Hamburg.
1866	Nobel establishes the United States Blasting Oil Company in the US. A violent explosion destroys the Krümmel plant. Experimenting on a raft anchored on the river Elbe, Alfred Nobel tries to make nitroglycerin safer to handle. He finds that nitroglycerin is stabilized by the addition of kieselguhr (a siliceous deposit; also known as diatomaceous earth), and calls this mixture dynamite.
1867	Alfred Nobel obtains a patent for dynamite.
1871	Nobel establishes the British Dynamite Company (Ardeer, Scotland, UK). In 1877 the company name is changed to Nobel's Explosives Company.
1872	Immanuel, Alfred Nobel's father, passes away.
1873	At the age of 40 Alfred Nobel is a wealthy man. He moves to Paris and settles at Avenue Malakoff. The manufacture of nitroglycerin and dynamite starts at Ardeer.
1875	Alfred Nobel invents blasting gelatine in Paris and patents it in 1876. He establishes Société Générale pour la Fabrication de la Dynamite in Paris, France.
1876	Dynamitaktiengesellschaft (DAG), formerly Alfred Nobel & Co (Hamburg, Germany), is formed. Alfred Nobel advertises for a housekeeper/personal secretary, meets with Bertha Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau (later von Suttner) and hires her. She leaves his employment after a short time and becomes a leading peace activist.
1880	Dynamite Nobel is formed by merging Nobel's Italian and Swiss companies.
1881	Alfred Nobel buys an estate and laboratory at Sevran outside Paris.
1885	German Union is formed by merging DAG and a group of German dynamite companies.
1886	Nobel-Dynamite Trust Co (London, UK) is formed by merging DAG and the Nobel's Explosives Company.
1887	Nobel obtains a patent for the blasting powder "ballistite" in France.
1889	Andriette, Alfred Nobel's mother, passes away.
1891	Alfred Nobel leaves Paris and settles in San Remo, Italy, after a dispute with the French government over ballistite.
1893	Alfred Nobel hires Ragnar Sohlman, who he later names executor of his will and testament.
1894	Alfred Nobel buys a small machine works (Bofors-Gullspång) and a manor (Björkborn) at Karlskoga, Sweden.
1895	The third and final will of Alfred Nobel is signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris.
1896	Alfred Nobel dies at his home in San Remo, Italy, on 10 December 1896.

Alfred Nobel, Copyright © The Nobel Foundation

The Will

On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize! His family opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.

Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will

I, the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel, do hereby, after mature deliberation, declare the following to be my last Will and Testament with respect to such property as may be left by me at the time of my death:
To my nephews, Hjalmar and Ludvig Nobel, the sons of my brother Robert Nobel, I bequeath the sum of Two Hundred Thousand Crowns each;
To my nephew Emanuel Nobel, the sum of Three Hundred Thousand, and to my niece Mina Nobel, One Hundred Thousand Crowns;
To my brother Robert Nobel's daughters, Ingeborg and Tyra, the sum of One Hundred Thousand Crowns each;
Miss Olga Boettger, at present staying with Mrs Brand, 10 Rue St Florentin, Paris, will receive One Hundred Thousand Francs;
Mrs Sofie Kapy von Kapivar, whose address is known to the Anglo-Oesterreichische Bank in Vienna, is hereby entitled to an annuity of 6000 Florins Ö.W. which is paid to her by the said Bank, and to this end I have deposited in this Bank the amount of 150,000 Fl. in Hungarian State Bonds;
Mr Alarik Liedbeck, presently living at 26 Sturegatan, Stockholm, will receive One Hundred Thousand Crowns;
Miss Elise Antun, presently living at 32 Rue de Lubeck, Paris, is entitled to an annuity of Two Thousand Five Hundred Francs. In addition, Forty Eight Thousand Francs owned by her are at present in my custody, and shall be refunded;
Mr Alfred Hammond, Waterford, Texas, U.S.A. will receive Ten Thousand Dollars;
The Misses Emy and Marie Winkelmann, Potsdamerstrasse, 51, Berlin, will receive Fifty Thousand Marks each;
Mrs Gaucher, 2 bis Boulevard du Viaduc, Nimes, France will receive One Hundred Thousand Francs;
My servants, Auguste Oswald and his wife Alphonse Tournand, employed in my laboratory at San Remo, will each receive an annuity of One Thousand Francs;
My former servant, Joseph Girardot, 5, Place St. Laurent, Châlons sur Saône, is entitled to an annuity of Five Hundred Francs, and my former gardener, Jean Lecof, at present with Mrs Desoutter, receveur Curaliste, Mesnil, Aubry pour Ecouen, S.& O., France, will receive an annuity of Three Hundred Francs;
Mr Georges Fehrenbach, 2, Rue Compiègne, Paris, is entitled to an annual pension of Five Thousand Francs from January 1, 1896 to January 1, 1899, when the said pension shall discontinue;
A sum of Twenty Thousand Crowns each, which has been placed in my custody, is the property of my brother's children, Hjalmar, Ludvig, Ingeborg and Tyra, and shall be repaid to them.
The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way: the capital, invested in safe securities by my executors, shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical work by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not.
As Executors of my testamentary dispositions, I hereby appoint Mr Ragnar Sohlman, resident at Bofors, Värmland, and Mr Rudolf Lilljequist, 31 Malmskillnadsgatan, Stockholm, and at Bengtsfors near Uddevalla. To compensate for their pains and attention, I grant to Mr Ragnar Sohlman, who will presumably have to devote most time to this matter, One Hundred Thousand Crowns, and to Mr Rudolf Lilljequist, Fifty Thousand Crowns;
At the present time, my property consists in part of real estate in Paris and San Remo, and in part of securities deposited as follows: with The Union Bank of Scotland Ltd in Glasgow and London, Le Crédit Lyonnais, Comptoir National d'Escompte, and with Alphen Messin & Co. in Paris; with the stockbroker M.V. Peter of Banque Transatlantique, also in Paris; with Direction der Disconto Gesellschaft and Joseph Goldschmidt & Cie, Berlin; with the Russian Central Bank, and with Mr Emanuel Nobel in Petersburg; with Skandinaviska Kredit Aktiebolaget in Gothenburg and Stockholm, and in my strong-box at 59, Avenue Malakoff, Paris; further to this are accounts receivable, patents, patent fees or so-called royalties etc. in connection with which my Executors will find full information in my papers and books.
This Will and Testament is up to now the only one valid, and revokes all my previous testamentary dispositions, should any such exist after my death.
Finally, it is my express wish that following my death my veins shall be opened, and when this has been done and competent Doctors have confirmed clear signs of death, my remains shall be cremated in a so-called crematorium.
Paris, 27 November, 1895
Alfred Bernhard Nobel

That Mr Alfred Bernhard Nobel, being of sound mind, has of his own free will declared the above to be his last Will and Testament, and that he has signed the same, we have, in his presence and the presence of each other, hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses:
Sigurd Ehrenborg
former Lieutenant
Paris: 84 Boulevard Haussmann
R. W. Strehlenert
Civil Engineer
4, Passage Caroline
Thos Nordenfelt
Constructor
8, Rue Auber, Paris
Leonard Hwass
Civil Engineer
4, Passage Caroline

Alfred Nobel's will.

All Nobel Prizes

Between 1901 and 2010, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 543 times to 840 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 813 individuals and 20 organizations. Below, you can view the full list of Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates

2010

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert G. Edwards

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mario Vargas Llosa

The Nobel Peace Prize
Liu Xiaobo

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides

2009

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Herta Müller

The Nobel Peace Prize
Barack H. Obama

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson

2008

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio

The Nobel Peace Prize
Martti Ahtisaari

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Paul Krugman

2007

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Gerhard Ertl

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Doris Lessing

The Nobel Peace Prize
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson

2006

The Nobel Prize in Physics
John C. Mather, George F. Smoot

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Orhan Pamuk

The Nobel Peace Prize
Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Edmund S. Phelps

2005

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Harold Pinter

The Nobel Peace Prize
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , Mohamed ElBaradei

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling

2004

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Elfriede Jelinek

The Nobel Peace Prize
Wangari Muta Maathai

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott

2003

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield

The Nobel Prize in Literature
John M. Coetzee

The Nobel Peace Prize
Shirin Ebadi

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger

2002

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Imre Kertész

The Nobel Peace Prize
Jimmy Carter

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith

2001

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul

The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations (U.N.) , Kofi Annan

The Prize in Economic Sciences
George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz

2000

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gao Xingjian

The Nobel Peace Prize
Kim Dae-jung

The Prize in Economic Sciences
James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden

1999

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ahmed H. Zewail

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Günter Blobel

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Günter Grass

The Nobel Peace Prize
Médecins Sans Frontières

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert A. Mundell

1998

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walter Kohn, John A. Pople

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad

The Nobel Prize in Literature
José Saramago

The Nobel Peace Prize
John Hume, David Trimble

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Amartya Sen

1997

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Stanley B. Prusiner

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Dario Fo

The Nobel Peace Prize
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) , Jody Williams

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes

1996

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wislawa Szymborska

The Nobel Peace Prize
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta

The Prize in Economic Sciences
James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey

1995

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Seamus Heaney

The Nobel Peace Prize
Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert E. Lucas Jr.

1994

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
George A. Olah

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Kenzaburo Oe

The Nobel Peace Prize
Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin

The Prize in Economic Sciences
John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten

1993

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Toni Morrison

The Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North

1992

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Georges Charpak

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Derek Walcott

The Nobel Peace Prize
Rigoberta Menchú Tum

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gary S. Becker

1991

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard R. Ernst

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Nadine Gordimer

The Nobel Peace Prize
Aung San Suu Kyi

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Ronald H. Coase

1990

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Elias James Corey

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Octavio Paz

The Nobel Peace Prize
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe

1989

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Camilo José Cela

The Nobel Peace Prize
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Trygve Haavelmo

1988

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Naguib Mahfouz

The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Maurice Allais

1987

The Nobel Prize in Physics
J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Susumu Tonegawa

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Joseph Brodsky

The Nobel Peace Prize
Oscar Arias Sánchez

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert M. Solow

1986

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wole Soyinka

The Nobel Peace Prize
Elie Wiesel

The Prize in Economic Sciences
James M. Buchanan Jr.

1985

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Klaus von Klitzing

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Claude Simon

The Nobel Peace Prize
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Franco Modigliani

1984

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Bruce Merrifield

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jaroslav Seifert

The Nobel Peace Prize
Desmond Mpilo Tutu

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Richard Stone

1983

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Henry Taube

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barbara McClintock

The Nobel Prize in Literature
William Golding

The Nobel Peace Prize
Lech Walesa

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gerard Debreu

1982

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Kenneth G. Wilson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Aaron Klug

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gabriel García Márquez

The Nobel Peace Prize
Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles

The Prize in Economic Sciences
George J. Stigler

1981

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Elias Canetti

The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

The Prize in Economic Sciences
James Tobin

1980

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Czeslaw Milosz

The Nobel Peace Prize
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Lawrence R. Klein

1979

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Odysseus Elytis

The Nobel Peace Prize
Mother Teresa

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis

1978

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter D. Mitchell

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Isaac Bashevis Singer

The Nobel Peace Prize
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Herbert A. Simon

1977

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck van Vleck

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ilya Prigogine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Vicente Aleixandre

The Nobel Peace Prize
Amnesty International

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade

1976

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Burton Richter, Samuel Chao Chung Ting

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William N. Lipscomb

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Saul Bellow

The Nobel Peace Prize
Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Milton Friedman

1975

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo James Rainwater

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eugenio Montale

The Nobel Peace Prize
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans

1974

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul J. Flory

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson

The Nobel Peace Prize
Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek

1973

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Patrick White

The Nobel Peace Prize
Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Wassily Leontief

1972

The Nobel Prize in Physics
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Heinrich Böll

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.

The Prize in Economic Sciences
John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow

1971

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Dennis Gabor

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Gerhard Herzberg

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Pablo Neruda

The Nobel Peace Prize
Willy Brandt

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Simon Kuznets

1970

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, Louis Eugène Félix Néel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Luis F. Leloir

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn

The Nobel Peace Prize
Norman E. Borlaug

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Paul A. Samuelson

1969

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Murray Gell-Mann

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Samuel Beckett

The Nobel Peace Prize
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)

The Prize in Economic Sciences
Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen

1968

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Luis Walter Alvarez

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lars Onsager

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Yasunari Kawabata

The Nobel Peace Prize
René Cassin

1967

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hans Albrecht Bethe

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Miguel Angel Asturias

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1966

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Alfred Kastler

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert S. Mulliken

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peyton Rous, Charles Brenton Huggins

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelly Sachs

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1965

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Burns Woodward

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov

The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

1964

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Paul Sartre

The Nobel Peace Prize
Martin Luther King Jr.

1963

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Giorgos Seferis

The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) , Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)

1962

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Lev Davidovich Landau

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins

The Nobel Prize in Literature
John Steinbeck

The Nobel Peace Prize
Linus Carl Pauling

1961

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Melvin Calvin

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Georg von Békésy

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ivo Andric

The Nobel Peace Prize
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld

1960

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Donald Arthur Glaser

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Willard Frank Libby

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Saint-John Perse

The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert John Lutuli

1959

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Emilio Gino Segrè, Owen Chamberlain

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Jaroslav Heyrovsky

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Salvatore Quasimodo

The Nobel Peace Prize
Philip J. Noel-Baker

1958

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank, Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frederick Sanger

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak

The Nobel Peace Prize
Georges Pire

1957

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lord (Alexander R.) Todd

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Daniel Bovet

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Albert Camus

The Nobel Peace Prize
Lester Bowles Pearson

1956

The Nobel Prize in Physics
William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Juan Ramón Jiménez

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1955

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Vincent du Vigneaud

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Halldór Kiljan Laxness

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1954

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Born, Walther Bothe

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Linus Carl Pauling

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ernest Miller Hemingway

The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

1953

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Frits (Frederik) Zernike

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Hermann Staudinger

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill

The Nobel Peace Prize
George Catlett Marshall

1952

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Felix Bloch, Edward Mills Purcell

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Selman Abraham Waksman

The Nobel Prize in Literature
François Mauriac

The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert Schweitzer

1951

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Max Theiler

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist

The Nobel Peace Prize
Léon Jouhaux

1950

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Cecil Frank Powell

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell

The Nobel Peace Prize
Ralph Bunche

1949

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hideki Yukawa

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William Francis Giauque

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Walter Rudolf Hess, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz

The Nobel Prize in Literature
William Faulkner

The Nobel Peace Prize
Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin

1948

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Paul Hermann Müller

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Thomas Stearns Eliot

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1947

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Edward Victor Appleton

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir Robert Robinson

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, Bernardo Alberto Houssay

The Nobel Prize in Literature
André Paul Guillaume Gide

The Nobel Peace Prize
Friends Service Council (The Quakers) , American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)

1946

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Percy Williams Bridgman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Hermann Joseph Muller

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Hermann Hesse

The Nobel Peace Prize
Emily Greene Balch, John Raleigh Mott

1945

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Wolfgang Pauli

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gabriela Mistral

The Nobel Peace Prize
Cordell Hull

1944

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Isidor Isaac Rabi

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Otto Hahn

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen

The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)

1943

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Otto Stern

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
George de Hevesy

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Henrik Carl Peter Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1942

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1941

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1940

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1939

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernest Orlando Lawrence

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Gerhard Domagk

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Frans Eemil Sillanpää

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1938

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Enrico Fermi

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard Kuhn

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Corneille Jean François Heymans

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Pearl Buck

The Nobel Peace Prize
Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees)

1937

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Roger Martin du Gard

The Nobel Peace Prize
Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)

1936

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Victor Franz Hess, Carl David Anderson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill

The Nobel Peace Prize
Carlos Saavedra Lamas

1935

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Chadwick

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Hans Spemann

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
Carl von Ossietzky

1934

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Harold Clayton Urey

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Luigi Pirandello

The Nobel Peace Prize
Arthur Henderson

1933

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Thomas Hunt Morgan

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin

The Nobel Peace Prize
Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)

1932

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Werner Karl Heisenberg

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Irving Langmuir

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian

The Nobel Prize in Literature
John Galsworthy

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1931

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Otto Heinrich Warburg

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Erik Axel Karlfeldt

The Nobel Peace Prize
Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler

1930

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Hans Fischer

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Karl Landsteiner

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sinclair Lewis

The Nobel Peace Prize
Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom

1929

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Thomas Mann

The Nobel Peace Prize
Frank Billings Kellogg

1928

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Owen Willans Richardson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Charles Jules Henri Nicolle

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sigrid Undset

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1927

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Arthur Holly Compton, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Heinrich Otto Wieland

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Julius Wagner-Jauregg

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Henri Bergson

The Nobel Peace Prize
Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde

1926

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Jean Baptiste Perrin

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The (Theodor) Svedberg

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Grazia Deledda

The Nobel Peace Prize
Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann

1925

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Franck, Gustav Ludwig Hertz

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
George Bernard Shaw

The Nobel Peace Prize
Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles Gates Dawes

1924

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Willem Einthoven

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1923

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert Andrews Millikan

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Fritz Pregl

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Frederick Grant Banting, John James Rickard Macleod

The Nobel Prize in Literature
William Butler Yeats

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1922

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Niels Henrik David Bohr

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Francis William Aston

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Fritz Meyerhof

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jacinto Benavente

The Nobel Peace Prize
Fridtjof Nansen

1921

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Albert Einstein

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frederick Soddy

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Anatole France

The Nobel Peace Prize
Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous Lange

1920

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Edouard Guillaume

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walther Hermann Nernst

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Schack August Steenberg Krogh

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Knut Pedersen Hamsun

The Nobel Peace Prize
Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois

1919

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Johannes Stark

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Jules Bordet

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler

The Nobel Peace Prize
Thomas Woodrow Wilson

1918

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Fritz Haber

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1917

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Glover Barkla

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan

The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)

1916

The Nobel Prize in Physics
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

1915

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard Martin Willstätter

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Literature
Romain Rolland

The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.